Plants in Central Massachusetts
These pages show plants in the central Massachusetts area. These pictures were taken over the spring and summer, to follow the plants through their lifecycle. Over the fall and winter I hope to add more pictures and descriptions. If you have any suggestions, or particularly if you can identify any of the “unknowns”, please let me know!
A word of caution
You are responsible for what you eat!
Many edible plants have lookalikes that are extremely poisonous. Be very sure you have correctly identified a plant before eating it. A good rule of thumb is to use three references (books, the web, etc.) to identify the plant, because different references sometimes emphasize different features. Even then if you are not sure, don’t eat it!
Some edible plants are poisonous when raw, and need to be cooked or otherwise specially prepared to become safe to eat. You must know how to prepare them before eating them. Finally, you may be allergic to some plants. If you have not tried them before, try just a little bit the first time.
Plant Listing
- Arrowhead, Common
- Arrowwood
- Autumn Olive
- Barberry, European
- Bedstraw, White
- Birch, Black
- Boneset
- Broccoli, Wild
- Burdock
- Butterfly Weed
- Calamus
- Catalpa, Common
- Cattail, Common
- Cherry, Black
- Cherry, Choke
- Cleavers
- Dandelion, Common
- Dock, Broadleaf
- Dock, Curly
- Dogbane, Spreading
- Elder, Common
- Enchanters Nightshade
- Fern, Bracken
- Geranium, Wild
- Goldenrod
- Grape, Fox
- Grape, Riverside
- Ground Cherry
- Groundsel
- Hazelnut
- Hemlock, Water
- Hickory, Shagbark
- Honeysuckle, Bush
- Japanese Knotweed
- Jewelweed
- Joe-Pye-Weed
- Knapweed, Spotted
- Lamb’s Quarters
- Lettuce, Wild
- Lily, Day
- Lily, Sweet Scented Water
- Marsh Marigold
- Mayflower, Canada
- Milkweed, Common
- Mint, Wild
- Morel, Yellow
- Motherwort, Common
- Mulberry
- Mullein, Common
- Mustard, Garlic
- Mustard, Tower
- Nettle, Stinging
- Onion, Wild
- Partridgeberry
- Peppergrass, Wild
- Plantain, Common
- Poke
- Queen Annes Lace
- Raspberry, Black
- Rose, Multiflora
- Rose, Swamp
- Rough-Fruited Cinquefoil
- Salsify
- Sarsaparilla, Bristly
- Smartweed, Common
- Solomon’s Seal, False
- Sorrel, Yellow Wood
- Spicebush
- Sumac, Staghorn
- Sweetfern
- Teasel
- Thistle
- Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
- Birds Foot Trefoil
- Unknown 2
- Unknown 5
- Unknown 6
- Unknown 11
- Unknown 14
- Vetch, Common
- Vetch, Hairy
- Violet, Common Blue
- Virginia Creeper
- Winter Cress, Common
- Yarrow
- Yucca
Common Arrowhead
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08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Arrowwood
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09/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
09/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
09/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
09/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
09/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
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09/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
Description
Is this Arrowwood Viburnum (Viburnum dentatum), Northern Arrowwood (Viburnum recognitum), or a different Arrowwood?
Autumn Olive
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard In bloom, has fragrant flowers. |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Not much fruit … ? |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Early berries |
European Barberry
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
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08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Yellow hanging flowers, 12 flowers per cluster (Japanese Barberry has single flowers).
White Bedstraw(Wild Madder)
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06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
Description
Related to Cleavers.
Black Birch
Description
Same oil as Wintergreen, chemically related to aspirin.
Boneset
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07/25/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/25/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/25/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
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08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Wild Broccoli
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Burdock
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Looks like Broad Leaf Dock, but has fine wool under leaf. Root and flowerstalk (when 2′) are edible – boil.
Butterfly Weed
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07/13/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/13/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
08/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
08/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
Calamus(Sweet Flag)
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Spadix |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Among grasses |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Red base |
Description
Aromatic
- Looks like cattail (which is edible)
- Looks like iris (which is not edible)
- Is not rare
Common Catalpa
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06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard Leaf |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard Leaves and flowers |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard Flowers |
Common Cattail
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06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Immature green flower head |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
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07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Black Cherry
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/01/2007 Mt. Monadnock, Jaffrey, NH |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Harvesting doesn’t affect the plant’s sustainability.
Choke Cherry
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Flower |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Early fruit |
Cleavers(Bedstraw, Goose Grass)
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Common Dandelion
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Harvest the little buds in the center of the rosette when the plant is young.
Broadleaf Dock
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06/07/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard Young plant |
06/07/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard Ready to seed |
07/03/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard Flower |
Curly Dock
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Related to Sorrel
- Harvest the tender leaves from the center
- Blanch to remove bitterness – about 20 seconds
- Antidote to Stinging Nettle
- Leaves in Spring and Fall
- Medicinal name = Yellow Dock – yellow taproot – helps assimilate iron
Spreading Dogbane
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06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard |
07/11/2007 Codman Hill Rd, Harvard |
07/11/2007 Codman Hill Rd, Harvard |
Description
Toxic, but very strong fibers.
Common Elder
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
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06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
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07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Dry or cook the berries. See Elderberry – The Medicine Chest of the Common People
Enchanters Nightshade
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Bracken Fern
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Three branches
Wild Geranium
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Goldenrod
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
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08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Fox Grape(Concord Grape)
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09/13/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
09/13/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
09/13/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
09/13/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
Description
Smaller fruit, about 1/4″-1/2″ diameter. Leaves are good for stuffed grape leaves.
Riverside Grape
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Early fruit |
09/13/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
09/13/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
09/13/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
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09/13/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
Ground Cherry
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07/25/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Groundsel
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Hazelnut
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Leaves |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Leaves |
Water Hemlock
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
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08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Warning: This plant is extremely toxic! The water hemlocks are the most poisonous plants in North America. A small mouthful can kill an adult. This plant is so toxic, it’s best to avoid handling it if possible. If you do, wash your hands thoroughly immediately after handling.
See:
- http://www.vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/plant27.htm
- Wildwood Survival – Poisonous Plants – Water Hemlock
Shagbark Hickory
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07/11/2007 The Bromfield Library, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield Library, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield Library, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield Library, Harvard |
Bush Honeysuckle
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Invasive
Japanese Knotweed
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
Description
Harvest when young, shoots up to 8″ tall. Prepare like rhubarb (goes well with strawberries). Source of resveratrol.
Jewelweed
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Seeds taste like walnut. Antidote for poison ivy – apply before or soon after exposure.
Joe-Pye-Weed
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07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
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07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Spotted Knapweed
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07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Lamb’s Quarters
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Wild Lettuce
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Like all lettuces, has milky juice. The terminal lobe is skinny on the mild one (it’s wide on the bitter cousin pictured here).
Day Lily
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07/03/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/03/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/03/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
Sweet Scented Water Lily
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06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard In flower |
Marsh Marigold(Marsh Cowslip)
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Rare – harvest ethically. Harvest before flowers bloom, must boil twice.
Canada Mayflower
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Flowers |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Berries |
Description
Red berries are good in the Fall
Common Milkweed
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Don’t confuse with marsh milkweed – the common milkweed is the only edible one.
- Has milky juice
- Boil 7 minutes
- When young, Spreading Dogbane is a lookalike (and is toxic).
- Fibers of dried stalks are strong and can be woven into cord.
Wild Mint
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Square stem
- Opposite leaves
- Aromatic
- Likes damp meadow areas
Yellow Morel
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
These were found at the right tim in Spring, after several days rain, under an Elm. Must cook. Harvesting doesn’t affect the plant’s sustainability.
Common Motherwort
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06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard |
Mulberry
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Early fruit |
06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard Early fruit |
Common Mullein
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06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard Early stalk |
07/07/2007 Rt 111, Harvard Flowering |
07/07/2007 Rt 111, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Rt 111, Harvard |
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07/07/2007 Rt 111, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Rt 111, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Dried stalk |
Garlic Mustard
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard Seed pods |
Description
Invasive. Harvest when young, boil to remove strong flavor.
Tower Mustard
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Stinging Nettle
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard Closeup of top |
06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard Aphids and ant |
Description
Harvest the top 2″ when young
- Wear gloves, or pick carefully
- Sting is removed by heat – steam or boil, like spinach
- High in Vitamin C and Calcium
Wild Onion
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08/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
Description
Flowers, bulbs are edible.
Partridgeberry
Wild Peppergrass
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06/26/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/26/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/26/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Common Plantain
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Antidote to bee sting – crush and rub on the sting.
Poke
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07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
Queen Annes Lace(Wild Carrot)
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07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
Black Raspberry
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06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/03/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
Multiflora Rose
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06/19/2007 Rt 111, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Rt 111, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Rt 111, Harvard |
Description
Invasive.
Swamp Rose
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Rough-Fruited Cinquefoil
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Salsify
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Bristly Sarsaparilla
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Based on the thinner leaves, this looks more like Bristly Sarsaparilla (Aralia hispida) than Wild Sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis).
Common Smartweed
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06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
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08/15/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
False Solomon’s Seal
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Yellow Wood Sorrel
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06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
Spicebush
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
The bark, when scratched, has a distinctive spice odor. Berries can be harvested in Fall, ground in mortar and pestle, and used as spice.
Staghorn Sumac
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06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard Young tree |
06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard Top of tree, immature seeds |
Sweetfern
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06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard |
Teasel
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06/07/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
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07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
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07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
07/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
08/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
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08/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
08/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
08/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
08/17/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
Thistle
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07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
07/11/2007 The Bromfield School, Harvard |
Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
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07/07/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
Birds Foot Trefoil
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06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Unknown 2
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06/07/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
Unknown 5
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06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
purple loosestrife or swamp loosestrife
Unknown 6
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06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
wormwood? need a better picture …
Unknown 11
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07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/07/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
This looks like Glossy Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica). Need to revisit and see if the leaves are still green and berries are black.
Unknown 14
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07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
07/20/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Common Smartweed lookalike.
Common Vetch(Spring Vetch)
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06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Hairy Vetch
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
Common Blue Violet
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06/23/2007 Jacob Gates Rd, Harvard |
Description
All Violets are edible.
Virginia Creeper
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06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
06/19/2007 Stow Rd, Harvard |
Common Winter Cress(Yellow Rocket)
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05/17/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
Description
Yellow flowers
Yarrow
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06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/10/2007 Delaney Park, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard |
06/23/2007 Eldridge Rd, Harvard |
Yucca
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06/19/2007 Rt 111, Harvard |
Description
The petals on the tall flowerstalk are edible. The leaves have very strong fibers, and the root can be used as soap.